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过去分词(past participle)是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加-ed构成，下面小编告诉你英语动词的过去分词的用法，大家一起来看看吧!英语动词的过去分词的用法：一、过去分词的定义及其基本形式1.过去分词是动词的另一种非限定形式，过去分词具有动词、形容词和副词的特性，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。如：(1)spoken English 英语口语(过去分词具有形容词的特性，作定语)(2)Given more time, we could do it much better.=If we were given more time, we could do it much better.多给点时间，我们会做得更好些。(过去分词具有动词的特性，有自己的宾语more time，构成分词短语;过去分词短语在句中作状语，具有副词的特性。)2.过去分词的基本形式(1)规则动词的过去分词由动词+ed构成(2)不规则动词的过去分词须逐个记忆。(3)不规则动词的过去分词表示完成，如：fallen leaves =leaves which have fallen 落叶(4)及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成，如：the machines used in the workshop=the machines which are used in the workshop车间用的机器(及物动词的过去分词表示被动)I heard the door opened.=I heard the door has been opened.我听见门被打开了。(及物动词的过去分词表示被动和完成)二、过去分词的句法功能过去分词是一种非谓语动词，在句中不能单独做谓语。但它具有形容词和副词的特性，故在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。(一)定语作定语用的过去分词如果是单个的词，就放在被修饰的词的前面;若为分词短语则放在所修饰的词的后面。如：The excited children are opening their Christmas presents.兴奋的孩子们正在打开他们的圣诞礼物。Some of the people invited (=who have been invited) to the party can’t come.有些被邀请参加晚会的人不能来。注意：(1)做定语用的过去分词通常指已完成的动作，若要表示现在进行的动作则要用过去分词的进行形式。We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.=We must keep a secret of the things which are being discussed here.我们必须对这里讨论的问题保密。(2)如指未来的情况，都用不定式的被动形式。He prepared some poems to be recited at the English evening.他准备了几首将在英语晚会上朗诵的诗。例1.The computer centre, ______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.A.open　　　　　　　　　 B.openingC.having opened　　　　　D.opened答案与简析：选D。过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于非限制性定语从句which was opened.(二)表语Be prepared! 做好准备!Everybody got excited about the boat trip.大家对坐船游览倍感兴奋。注意：“be+过去分词”与被动语态的区别：“be+过去分词”表示状态;被动语态表示一个动作。如：The bank is closed now.银行现在已经关门了。(表状态)He had been injured during the war.他是在战争中受伤的。(表动作)(三)宾(主)语补足语What made you so frightened?什么使你这样惊恐?He was found injured at the foot of a cliff.他被发现在山岩脚下受了伤。例2.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.A.carry out　　　　　　　　　　B.carrying outC.carried out　　　　　　　　　D.to carry out答案与简析：选C。过去分词短语在定语从句中作宾补。(四)做状语1.Born into a peasant family (=As he was born into a peasant family), he had only two years of schooling.(由于)他出生于农民家庭，他只上了两年学。2.United we stand, divided we fall.=(If we are) United we stand and (If we are divided) we fall.团结则存，分裂则亡。3.We went home exhausted.我们筋疲力尽地回到了家里。4.分词有时和连词一起用，相当于状语从句的省略。Robbie had arranged for this man to come whenever (he was) needed.罗比已安排好，随时需要这人就可以来。例3.The child complained that the old man made no answer when _____ where he lived.A.asking　　　　　　　　　　　B.askedC.to ask　　　　　　　　　　　D.having asked答案与简析：选B。状语从句的省略when (he was) asked.动词afford的两点用法说明：1. 与 can, be able to 等连用，表示“担负得起”某事或某物的费用、损失、后果等，或表示“抽得出”时间等，后面通常可接名词、代词、不定式等(多用于否定句或疑问句)。如：I can’t afford (to buy) a new coat. 我没钱买件新外衣。He can’t afford the time for it. 他抽不出时间来做此事。He says he really can’t afford to wait another day. 他说他确实一天也不能再等了。2. 表示“提供”“给予”，其后可以接双宾语(直接宾语通常为抽象概念)，若双宾语交换位置，要用介词 to(此时无需连用 can, be able to等)。如：他的来访给我们带来极大的快乐。正：His visit affords us great pleasure.正：His visit affords great pleasure to us.动词affect用法与语法：1. 表示“影响”时，注意不要与意义相近的名词effect相混淆。从意义上看，affect大致相当于have an effect on。比较：The war seriously affected petrol prices. 这场战争严重影响了汽油的价格。The war had a serious effect on petrol prices. 这场战争对汽油价格产生了严重的影响。2. 表示“感动”“感伤”，除用于主动语态外，还经常用于被动语态。如：His death affected us deeply. 他的死使我们很感伤。The sight affected her to tears. 此情此景使她感动得流泪。We were affected by her words. 我们为她的话所感到。3. 注意affect与influence在用法上的区别：affect主要指一时的影响，着重影响的动作，可指一般意义的影响(不分好坏)，也可指不良影响。如：The news did not affect her at all. 这条消息对她没有一点影响。而influence 表示“影响”，主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响。如：What you read influences your thinking. 你读的东西对你的思想有影响。It’s clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso. 她的画显然受了毕加索的影响。动词 appear 用法与语法：1. 表示“出现”“露面”“到达”等，是不及物动词，因此既不能后接宾语，也不能用于被动语态。如：雨后天空出现彩虹。正：A rainbow appeared in the sky after the rain.误：A rainbow was appeared in the sky after the rain.2. 表示“似乎”“好像”，是连系动词，其后可接形容词、名词、不定式等作表语。如：He appears (to be) quite rich 他似乎相当富有。He appears to be living in the area. 他似乎就住在这一带。It appears a true story. 它似乎是一个真实的故事。3. 在 it appears 后可接 that 从句或 as if 从句。如：It appears that he forgot to sign the letter. 他似乎忘记在信上署名了。It appears as if she’s lost interest in her job. 看来她对自己的工作已失去兴趣。后接 that 从句时，有时可用 so, not 代之。如：A：Are they reliable? 他们可靠吗?B：It appears so (not). 似乎是可靠的(不可靠)。4. 有时可与there be句式搭配使用。如：There appears to have been an accident. 好像出了事故。There appears to be a problem with the oil pressure. 看来是油压出了问题。5. 比较以下同义句型：He appears to have been waiting a long time.= It appears that he has been waiting a long time. 看来他已经等了很久了。There appears to have been a mistake.= It appears that there has been a mistake. 看来一直就有错。