全球热点评!英语的动词时态

2023-02-24 10:55:02 来源:教育之星


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时态(tense)是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。下面小编告诉你英语的动词时态,大家一起来看看吧!英语的动词时态:1、一般现在时(1) 表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态,常与 sometimes, always, often, every day 等时间状语连用。如:Sometimes, we go swimming after school. (2) 表示客观真理、科学事实等。如:The earth goes round the sun.2、现在进行时(1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作,常与 now, at present 等时间状语连用。如:What are you doing now?(2) 和 always, continually 等连用,表一种经常反复的动作,常含有某种情感。如:He is always doing good deeds.3、现在完成时主要表示动作发生在过去,对现在仍有影响,或动作一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去,常与just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing?4、一般将来时表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与 tomorrow, next year 等连用。如:I"ll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.We"re going to see a film next Monday.5、一般过去时表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与 yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago 等词连用。如:It happened many years ago.6、过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如:What were you doing this time yesterday?7、过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如:The train had already left before we arrived.8、过去将来时表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如:He said he would come, but he didn"t.9、被动语态 被动语态的时态,以 give 为例。一般现在时被动语态:am is are + given现在进行时被动语态:am is are +being + given现在完成时被动语态:have has + been + given一般过去时被动语态:was were + given过去进行时被动语态:was were + being + given过去完成时被动语态:had + been + given一般将来时被动语态:shall will + be + given过去将来时被动语态:should would + be + given将来完成时被动语态:shall will + have + been + given过去将来完成时被动语态:should would + have + been + given做英语时态考题的常犯错误:一、未理清复杂的句子结构而出错1. Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, ______ some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. (2012安徽卷)A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept分析:由于主句主语受非限制性定语从句的修饰,使得句子结构显得比较“乱”,有的考生以为空格处动词的主语是chains,故误选B。其实,此句的主语是Walmart(沃尔玛),句中的 which is one of the largest American supermarket chains 为修饰Walmart的定语从句(在分析句子结构时可以不予考虑),同时由于句子描述的是一种客观事实,故选A。句意为:美国最大连锁超市之一沃尔玛的一些商店从周一到周六24小时开放。2. The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he ______. (2012江苏卷)A. has started B. starts C. started D. will start分析:这个句子结构比较复杂,许多同学根本理不清本句要表达的意思,很可能会从表面上看,than连接两个when从句作比较,故误认为它们会用一样的时态,从而误选B。其实,此题答案为C。句中的that从句用作主语谓语动词hopes的宾语,从句中确实是两个由than连接的when从句,但它们所表示的时间并不一样——when he quits指将来(时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来),而when he started则指过去(即指总统上任之时),句意为:这位总统希望人民在他离任时比他刚上任时日子过得更好。二、受句中相关时态干扰而出错1. Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I ______ on Friday. (2012辽宁卷)A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid分析:有的考生一看到主句谓语动词用了was wondering,以及条件状语从句用了could,便断定until引导的时间状语从也只能用过去时态,从而排除A和C。但事实上, was wondering和could均属客气用法(使语气更委婉),它们在句中均表示现在的情况,故此题的答案只能从A和C中选择,同时根据句意,空格处应填“获得报酬”,故选表示被动意义的A。句意为:妈妈,我想你能不能借我些钱,等我周五领工资再还你。又如:I was wondering whether I could produce a meal out of what’s left in the fridge. 我不知道能不能用冰箱里剩下的东西做一顿饭。2. Peter had intended to take a job in business, but ______ that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010. (2012浙江卷)A. had abandoned B. abandoned C. abandon D. will abandon分析:有的考生一看到句子前半部分的过去完成时,同时考虑到句中的but是连接两个并列的谓语,于是就误认为它们应用相同的时态,从而误选A。但是,句中的had intended表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算,而but后的谓语表示的是一个过去实际发生的动作,故空格处应填一般过去时。句意为:彼得打算在商界找个工作,但2010年在加拿大有过不愉快的经历后,他放弃了这个计划。3. —Kevin, you look worried. Anything wrong?—Well, I ______ a test and I’m waiting for the result. (2012重庆卷)A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take分析:句中的前面一句的谓语动词用的是一般现在时(look),而空格后一句用的是现在进行时态(am waiting),两者均属现在时态,所以有的考生认为空格处肯定是填take。但是答案却是B,因为此处的语境是:事先已经参加了考试(即参加考试的事发生了),所以现在在等考试的结果。应对时态考题的技巧:一、利用时态标志解题所谓时态标志,指的就是某些特定的词、短语或句式,在通常情况下要与某种特定的时态连用,如yesterday, last week, last Friday等通常要与一般过去时或过去进行时连用;since, so far, in the past few years等通常要与现在完成时连用;by the end of后接过去时间通常要与过去完成时连用;no sooner…than…, hardly…when…等结构中的主句通常要用过去完成时,而从句通常要用一般过去时;等等。同学们在做题时若能充分利用这些时态标志,同时结合句子语境,就可很快选出正确答案。如:1. Years ago we didn’t know this, but recent science _________ that people who don’t sleep well soon get ill.A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing【解析】答案选 B。根据句中表示对照的Years ago和recent可知,虽然“以前不知”,但“现在已经证明了”,所以用现在完成时。2.—You look very tired. _________ at all last night?—No, not really. I’m tired out now.A. Do you sleep B. Were you sleeping C. Did you sleep D. Had you slept【解析】答案选C。句中的时间状语last night很明显地表明此处该用一般过去时。注意:不能选B,因为过去进行时表示的是过去正在进行的情况,与句意不符。二、利用句子语境解题根据语境命题是近几年来高考英语单项填空题的一个十分重要的趋势,可以毫不夸张地说,每年的单项填空至少有百分之九十五的考题或多或少与语境有一定的关系。所以,同学们在做题时,除根据各个时态的不同用法和特点来分析外,还要充分根据句子本身所提供的语境来分析,不仅要使所填时态语法正确,而且要使句子意思通顺,合情合理。如:1. I have to go to work by taxi because my car _________ at the garage.A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired【解析】答案选C。上文说“不得不乘的士去上班”,这就说明车子正在修理,故用进行时态;又由于“车”与“修理”为被动关系,故用现在进行时的被动语态。2. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People _________ to ask how I am going to spend the money. (湖南卷)A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning【解析】答案选D。句子上文说“自从我获大奖后,我的电话响过不停”,这就说明人们“给我打电话”这事正在进行,故用现在进行时。3. Scientists think that the continents _________ always where they _________ today.A. aren’t; are B. aren’t; were C. weren’t; are D. weren’t; were【解析】答案选C。句意是:科学家们认为各大陆并非一直在它们现在所处的位置。既然过去的位置与现在的位置不同,所以谈论过去情况用一般过去时。英语时态命题的切入点:一、利用干扰时态考查一般现在时或一般过去时当命题者想针对一般现在时或一般过去时这样的简单时态设题时,他们通常都会同时设置一个其他的干扰时态,以引开考生的视线。此时,考生千万不要受干扰时态的影响而步入命题人的陷阱。如:1. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which _________ the Pacific, and we met no storm. (辽宁卷)A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called【解析】答案选B。因受sailed和met的影响很容易误选A;其实这个open sea现在也叫太平洋,属客观事实,故用一般现在时。2. This machine _________. It hasn’t worked for years. (浙江卷)A. didn’t work B. wasn’t working C. doesn’t work D. isn’t working【解析】答案选C。此处讲的是机器目前的状况,故用一般现在时。此题所利用的干扰时态是其后的现在完成时。3. What we used to think _________ impossible now does seem possible. (天津卷)A. is B. was C. has been D. will be【解析】答案选B。很容易受其后does 的干扰而误选A。此题的大意是:我们过去认为不可能的事,现在似乎也成为可能了。很显然,空格处要用一般过去时。二、考查将来时态的各种表示法及其区别英语中表示将来时态的方法很多,除可用will, shall, be going to等后接动词原形来表示将来外,有以下多种方法:用现在进行时表示按计划或安排要发生的事,有时表示即将要发生的事;用一般现在时表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事;用“be to+动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作;用“be about to+动词原形”表示即将要发生的事;在时间或条件状语从句中,要用一般现在时表示将来意义;在make sure(弄清楚),make certain(弄清楚),take care(注意,当心),be careful(注意,当心),mind(注意),watch(注意)等后的that从句中通常也只用一般现在时表示将来意义;在it doesn’t matter, I don’t care, I don’t mind 等结构(以及类似结构)后的名词性从句也通常用一般现在表示将来意义;等等。1. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 _________ off at 18:20. (四川卷)A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken【解析】答案选A。用一般现在时表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事。2. — What would you do if it _________ tomorrow?— We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready. (全国卷)A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining【解析】答案选B。在条件句中用一般现在时表示将来。3. —Are you still busy?—Yes, I _________ my work, and it won’t take long. (浙江卷)A. just finish B. am just finishing C. have just finished D. am just going to finish【解析】答案选B。由语境可知是“我快要做完作业了”,用进行时表示将来。4. — Did you tell Julia about the result?—Oh, no, I forgot. I_________ her now. (全国卷)A. will be calling B. will call C. am going to call D. am to call【解析】答案选B。表示临时的决定只能用will,不能用be going to。
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