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土地利用是指人类为经济的和社会的目的，通过各种使用活动对土地长期或周期性的经营。一个国家国民经济各部门的生产建设都要落实到土地上，土地利用的广度、深度和合理程度是它的生产规模、水平和特点的集中反映。20世纪以来，由于人口急剧增长，而可利用的土地资源相对越来越少，因此土地利用问题逐渐引起世界各国的重视。土地利用既受自然条件制约，又受社会、经济、技术条件影响，是这些因素共同作用的结果。在所有影响土地利用的因素中，确定土地关系的社会生产方式往往起决定性作用。那么，土地利用英语怎么说呢？What is land use什么是土地利用Land use is the human use of land. Land use involves the management and modification of natural environment or wilderness into built environment such as fields, pastures, and settlements. It has also been defined as “the arrangements, activities and inputs people undertake in a certain land cover type to produce, change or maintain it” (FAO, 1997a; FAO/UNEP, 1999).Land use practices vary considerably across the world. The United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization Water Development Division explains that “Land use concerns the products and/or benefits obtained from use of the land as well as the land management actions (activities) carried out by humans to produce those products and benefits.” As of the early 1990s, about 13% of the Earth was considered arable land, with 26% in pasture, 32% forests and woodland, and 1.5% urban areas.As Albert Guttenberg (1959) wrote many years ago, “‘Land use’ is a key term in the language of city planning.” Commonly, political jurisdictions will undertake land use planning and regulate the use of land in an attempt to avoid land use conflicts. Land use plans are implemented through land division and use ordinances and regulations, such as zoning regulations.Land use and land management practices have a major impact on natural resources including water, soil, nutrients, plants and animals. Land use information can be used to develop solutions for natural resource management issues such as salinity and water quality. For instance, water bodies in a region that has been deforested or having erosion will have different water quality than those in areas that are forested.The major effect of land use on land cover since 1750 has been deforestation of temperate regions. More recent significant effects of land use include urban sprawl, soil erosion, soil degradation, salinization, and desertification. Land-use change together with use of fossil fuels, are the major anthropogenic sources of carbon dioxide, a dominant greenhouse gas.According to a report by the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organisation, land degradation has been exacerbated where there has been an absence of any land use planning, or of its orderly execution, or the existence of financial or legal incentives that have led to the wrong land use decisions, or one-sided central planning leading to over-utilization of the land resources―for instance for immediate production at all costs. As a consequence the result has often been misery for large segments of the local population and destruction of valuable ecosystems. Such narrow approaches should be replaced by a technique for the planning and management of land resources that is integrated and holistic and where land users are central. This will ensure the long-term quality of the land for human use, the prevention or resolution of social conflicts related to land use, and the conservation of ecosystems of high biodiversity value.土地利用率（land utilization rate）指已利用的土地面积与土地总面积之比，一般用百分数（percentage）表示，是反映土地利用程度（land use degree）的数量指标。衡量土地利用率的主要指标（index）包括：(1) 农业土地利用率（agricultural land utilization rate）。(2) 非农业土地利用率(non-agricultural land utilization rate)。指一个地区或农业生产单位非农业用地（包括城镇居民点、工矿、交通、旅游、军事等的占地）占土地总面积。(3) 垦殖指数(cultivation index)。(4) 复种指数(multiple-cropping index)。在土地开发利用过程中，必须在不造成水土流失(water and soil erosion)和破坏生态环境的原则下，将一切可以开发利用的土地资源，因地制宜地加以充分合理的开发利用，以提高土地利用率。