【资料图】

所谓的非主流文化是相对于主流文化而言的。在一定的时代、一定的范围内，在社会基础和非主流文化上层建筑领域中形成占主导地位的文化，如政治、经济、哲学、法律、科学技术、文学艺术等，是主流文化，都具有“官方”颜色，都以独立的学科存在。除此之外，还有另一种文化存在于社会生活之中，具有“民间”色彩，通常不以书面形式展现，诸如婚姻、家庭、风俗、习惯等，就是非主流文化。一个事物既可以从非主流变成主流，也可以从主流变为非主流；一个事物在某个环境是主流，到了另外一个环境就有可能变成非主流。因此，没有绝对的主流，也不会有绝对的非主流。那么，非主流文化的英文文章怎么写的呢？What is subculture什么是非主流文化In sociology, anthropology and cultural studies, a subculture is a group of people with a culture (whether distinct or hidden) which differentiates them from the larger culture to which they belong.There are six key ways in which subcultures can be identified:1. Through their often negative relations to work (as “idle”, “parasitic”, at play or at leisure, etc.);2. Through their negative or ambivalent relation to class (since subcultures are not “class-conscious” and don’t conform to traditional class definitions);3. Through their association with territory (the “street”, the “hood”, the club, etc.), rather than property;4. Through their movement out of the home and into non-domestic forms of belonging (i.e. social groups other than the family);5. Through their stylistic ties to excess and exaggeration (with some exceptions);6. Through their refusal of the banalities of ordinary life and massification.The study of subcultures often consists of the study of symbolism attached to clothing, music and other visible affectations by members of subcultures, and also the ways in which these same symbols are interpreted by members of the dominant culture. According to Dick Hebdige, members of a subculture often signal their membership through a distinctive and symbolic use of style, which includes fashions, mannerisms, and argot.Subcultures can exist at all levels of organizations, highlighting the fact that there are multiple cultures or value combinations usually evident in any one organization that can complement but also compete with the overall organizational culture. In some cases, subcultures have been legislated against, and their activities regulated or curtailed.It may be difficult to identify certain subcultures because their style (particularly clothing and music) may be adopted by mass culture for commercial purposes. Businesses often seek to capitalize on the subversive allure of subcultures in search of Cool, which remains valuable in the selling of any product. This process of cultural appropriation may often result in the death or evolution of the subculture, as its members adopt new styles that appear alien to mainstream society. This process provides a constant stream of styles which may be commercially adopted.Music-based subcultures are particularly vulnerable to this process, and so what may be considered a subculture at one stage in its history―such as jazz, goth, punk, hip hop and rave cultures―may represent mainstream taste within a short period of time. Some subcultures reject or modify the importance of style, stressing membership through the adoption of an ideology which may be much more resistant to commercial exploitation. The punk subculture’s distinctive (and initially shocking) style of clothing was adopted by mass-market fashion companies once the subculture became a media interest.非主流(subculture)应该保持它的活力(vitality)。这个活力不是指其存在与否或正在运行与否，而是指其创造的能力(creativity)。很多非主流的事物，一旦失去其创造力，尽管其形式仍然是非主流的，那么只有两种结局：一是消灭(perish)；二是被同化(assimilation)。比如嬉皮士(hippies)风潮，一旦失去了其特定的历史创造力，不能与时俱进地发展自己的理念，也就渐渐地仅能成为一种时尚了。而无法确切定义或没有定论，才是非主流事物拥有创造力的反映。非主流的一些表现：图片(pictures)：喜爱另类奇怪的图片，比如摆POSE时会装出痴呆、颓废的表情，喜欢斜45度对着镜头嘟嘴巴。喜欢PS图片。打扮(dress up)：与大众不同，比如女穿男装，穿着嘻哈(hip-hop)，穿得破破烂烂等等。发型(hair style)：染发(hair dying)采用蓝白等颜色，或者做夸张的造型(sculpt)等。音乐(music)：劲爆、先锋、拉风等这样的音乐受到欢迎。生活(life)：不人云亦云(parrot cry)，不追求大众化(popularization)，思想也叛逆激进(radicalness)，有创造力。个性(personality)：无限展示自己的自信(confidence)、阳光、活力(vigor)。娱乐(entertainment)：喜欢HC(花痴)，虐恋(sado-masochism)，写耽美小说。