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非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。下面是高考英语非谓语动词用法大全，大家一起来看看吧!高考英语非谓语动词用法大全：1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)(3)不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做。What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也是不定式(表示结果)。To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。3)如果主语是以aim， duty， hope， idea， happiness， job， plan， problem， purpose， thing， wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明　作用。His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。The function of Louis Sullivan"s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。People cannot but feel puzzled， for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected.(3)分词作表语分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite， interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有：interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。The argument is very convincing.他的论点很令人信服。They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息，他们非常激动。判断非谓语动词是否用被动式的三个技巧：技巧一：根据语意判断判断一个非谓语动词是否该用被动式，最基本的方法就是根据句子意思来判断：如果非谓语所表示的动作与句子主语(或逻辑主语)为主动关系，则非谓语动词用主动式;如果非谓语所表示的动作与句子主语(或逻辑主语)为被动关系，则非谓语动词用被动式。如：1. There are still many problems _________ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.分析：答案为to be solved。根据句意可知，人们“准备在月球上长住”还只是一个想法，相关问题还没有真正解决，故此处用不定式表示将来发生的动作;另一方面，由于problems与solve之间为被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。2. The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without _________ (recognize).分析：答案为being recognized。without为介词，其后要接-ing分词，不能用不定式;又因为he与recognize之间为被动关系，故用-ing分词的被动式。3. The new stadium _________ (build) for the next Asian Games now will be three times as big as the present one.分析：答案为being built。根据句中的now可知，“为下一届亚运会而建的体育馆”正在进行中，故用-ing分词，而不用不定式;又因为 stadium 与 build 之间为被动关系，故用-ing分词的被动式。技巧二：根据语法要求判断除了我们上面归纳的根据句子意思来判断非谓语是否用被动式外，我们还需要根据语法要求(或表达习惯)来判断，因为在有些情况下，意思上的“被动关系”，英语需要用“主动形式”来表达。如：1. This machine is very easy _________ (operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.2. Such poets as Shakespeare are widely read, of whose works, however, some are difficult _________ (understand).分析：答案为1. to operate / 2. to understand。虽然从句意上看，machine与operate之间为被动关系，some (works)与understand之间也是被动关系，但这里却不能用被动式，因为根据英语语法，当awkward, convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant 等形容词后接不定式时，若不定式与句子主语之间为被动关系，不定式习惯上用主动形式表示被动意义。又如：3. I cannot tell whether the book is worth _________ (read), for I haven’t read it myself.分析：答案为reading。worth后接动词时有两点语法要求：一是后接的动词要用-ing形式，不能用不定式;二是若该动词要用主动形式表示被动意义，故此处的答案是reading，而不是being read(尽管book与read之间为被动关系)。4. Many buildings in the city need _________ (repair), but the one to be repaired first is the library. 这个城市的许多建筑需要维修，但首先要修缮的是图书馆。分析：答案为to be repaired / repairing。虽然buildings与repair之间为被动关系，但根据英语语法，表示“需要”的三个动词need, want, require 后接动词作宾语时，若句子主语与该动词之间为被动关系，则该动词可以用不定式(用被动式)，也可以用-ing分词(用主动式表示被动意义)。技巧三：根据时间先后判断对于一个确定要用被动式的非谓语动词，还要注意根据时间关系来判断是用一般式(与谓语动词同时发生或后于谓语动词发生)还是用完成式(先于谓语动词发生)。如：1. Tony was very unhappy for _________ (not invite) to the party.分析：答案为not having been invited。由于是用于介词for之后，所以要用-ing分词，而不能用不定式;又因为Tony与invite之间为被动关系(指托尼没有被邀请参加晚会)，故用-ing分词的被动式;另外再从时间上判断，应该是先“没有被邀请”，然后才“不高兴”，故此处的“没有被邀请”要用-ing分词的完成被动式。2. Look at the pride on Tom’s face. He seems _________ (praise) by the manager just now.分析：答案为to have been praised。首先，根据seem的搭配习惯，其后接不定式，不接-ing分词;又因为he与praise之间为被动关系(指他受到表扬)，故用不定式的被动式;另外再从时间上判断，应该是先“受到表扬”，然后才“在脸上露出自豪的表情”，故此处的“受到表扬”要用不定式的完成被动式。做题请注意分清真假非谓语动词：有这样一道试题：_______ the road round to the right and you’ll find his house.A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed许多同学一看题目选项便想当然地认为，这是考查非谓语动词的用法区别，于是便在B、C、D三个选项上下工夫比较，但事实上，此题不是考查非谓语动词的，答案既不是B，也不是C，也不是D。做对此题的关键是要注意句中的连词and，它表明整个句子是一个并列句，即 and 前后应各是一个独立的句子，而不应是一个非谓语形式的短语，所以此题的正确答案应选A，即 and 前是一个祈使句。请将此题与下面两题比较：1. _______ the road round to the right, you’ll find his house.A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed【分析】此题应选B，现在分词短语表条件(注意句中没有并列连词)。2. _______ the road round to the right, the blind man asked a boy to guide him.A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed【分析】此题应选C，不定式短语表目的。请做以下各题，它们是考查非谓语动词吗?答案是选A，还是B，或C，或D?1. ______ the milk and set a good example to the other children.A. Drink B. To drink C. Drinking D. Having drunk2. _____ me, and don’t just stand there laughing.A. Answer B. To answer C. Answering D. To be answering3. ______ me, and then try to copy what I do.A. Watch B. Watching C. To watch D. Have watched4. _____ through this book and tell me what you think of it.A. Look B. Looking C. To look D. Having looked5. _____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.A. Leave B. Leaving C. If you leave D. When left【分析】以上各题答案均选A，因为各题句中均有一个并列连词 and，即填空句为祈使句。注意，有时可能不用连词，而用破折号，如以下两题答案均选B，填空句也为祈使句：1. _____ down the radio — the baby’s asleep in the next room.A. Turning B. Turn C. Turned D. To turn2. _____ some of this juice — perhaps you will like it.A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Having tried请做以下各题，它们是考查非谓语动词吗?答案是选A，还是B，或C，或D?1. ______ him enough time to get home before you telephone.A. Give B. To give C. Giving D. Given2. ______ left when you get to the end of the street.A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept3. ______ your hand over your mouth when you cough.A. Put B. Putting C. To put D. To be putting4. ______ until the lights have turned to green.A. Wait B. To wait C. Waiting D. Having waited5. ______ the pieces of cloth with a loose stitch before finally sewing them together.A. Join B. To join C. Joining D. Joined【分析】以上各题答案均选A，原因是每句中均包括有从属连词(如 when, before, until 等)，即整个句子为一个主从复合句，而填空句仍为祈使句。套用以上分析，请你做做以下试题：1. Don’t give me a long account, just _____ me the plain facts.A. tell B. telling C. to tell D. to be telling2. First ______ the rice by washing it, then ______ it in boiling water.A. prepare, cook B. preparing, cookingC. preparing, cook D. prepare, cooking3. Don’t waste your money on silly things — ______ it.A. save B. to save C. saving D. having saved4. To test eggs, _____ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good.A. put B. putting C. to put D. to be putting5. Before you send the letter, _____ with Bill to see if the address is right.A. check B. to check C. checking D. checked6. _____ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.A. Sleep B. To sleep C. Sleeping D. Having slept7. _____ the early bus, Mr Smith got up at six.A. Catch B. To catch C. Catching D. Having caught8. Dear me! Just _____ at the time! I _____ no idea it was so late.A. look, have B. looking, had C. look, had D. looking, have9. _____ many times, he still didn’t understand it.A. Having been told B. Though to be toldC. Having told D. He was told10. _____ many times, but he still didn’t understand it.A. Having been told B. Though he was toldC. To have been told D. He was told【答案与解析】第1—5 题答案均选A，填空句均为祈使句。第6—7 题均选B，填空部分为不定式用作目的状语。第8题选C，第一空应填 look, 因为这是祈使句的谓语;第二空应填 had，因为前一句说“看看时间吧”，这一看当然知道了现在很迟的情形，“不知道这么迟了”显然应是“过去”的事，故应用一般过去时态。第9题选A，因为根据句意，he 与 tell 应是被动关系;另外，从时间上看，应该是“被告诉”在先，“没有理解”在后，故要用 having been told 这一现在分词的完成被动式。注意不能选D，因为 He was told 与 he still didn’t understand it 这两个简单句之间缺乏必要的衔接关系。第10题选D，句中的并列连词 but 表明整个句子为并列句，同时表明 but 前应是一个完整的句子，而不能是一个非谓语动词短语(即不能选A或C);又因为 though 为从属连词，用以引导让步状语从句，它与连接并列句的并列连词 but 不“兼容”，所以也不能选B。原创易错非谓语动词考题赏析：1. Anyone ______ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police.A. seen carry B. seen carryingC. saw to carry D. saw carrying【赏析】此题答案选B，anyone seen carrying bags…为 anyone who was seen carrying bags 之略，其中过去分词短语 seen carrying bags … 用作定语修饰代词 anyone。另外，句中的 who was seen carrying bags 为 see sb doing sth 这一结构的被动式。2. Now everyone here was working hard and doing what they could _______ more money.A. make B. to make C. making D. made【赏析】此题容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词 could 就断定此处应填动词原形 make。其实正确答案应是B，此句为省略句，即在 could 后省略了动词 do，若把句子补完整应为Now everyone here was working hard and doing what they could do to make more money，即句中的不定式短语(to make more money)是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句：(1) My parents did what they could _____ my aunt and uncle.A. help B. to helpC. helping D. helped(2) He read what he could _____ his knowledge.A. widen B. to widenC. widening D. widened以上两题均选B，即选不定式，且此不定式为目的状语。但是，同学们若据此形成思维定势，也会麻烦。为此，请再看两题：(3) He ran as fast as he could ____to catch the bus.A. hope B. to hopeC. hoping D. hoped此题的最佳答案不是B，而是C，其中的现在分词短语 hoping to catch the bus 用作伴随状语，即一边跑一边希望能赶上早班车。但是，如果选B，将 to hope to catch the bus 视为目的状语行不行呢?不行。因为“他拼命地跑”目的是“为了赶上公共汽车”，而不是“为了希望赶上公共汽车”，换句话说，将“希望”作为“目的”不妥。因为同样的原因，下面一题也应选 hoping：He studied as hard as he could _____ to enter a good college.A. hope B. to hopeC. hoping D. hoped(4) He spent every minute he could ______ foreign languages.A. study B. to studyC. studying D. studied此题也应选C，但是，它与上题选现在分词 hoping 表伴随有所不同，此题的 studying 其实与其前的动词 spend 有关，即套用的是“spend + 时间或金钱 + (in) doing sth”这一句型。3. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for sports.A. devoted to do B. devoted to doingC. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing【赏析】此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下：(1) devote 意为“致力于，献身于”，主要用于 devote…to…或be devoted to，其中的to 是介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不用不定式。(2) 选A错误：若将 do 改为 doing 则可以。(3) 选B正确：all her time devoted to doing experiments为独立主格结构，用作状语。(4) 选C错误：因为all her time 与 devote 为被动关系，故应将devoting改为devoted。(5) 选D错误：若单独看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并没有错，但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式，所以从整体上看仍不对，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，则可选D，或将D中的is 改为 being也可以。4. “What made her struggle _____ an artist so hard?” “____ she was a woman.”A. became, 不填 B. to become, 不填C. become, That D. to become, That【赏析】此题容易误选C，想当然地认为第一空应填 become (不带to)，是因为其前有使役动词 made。其实，此题应选D，在 What made her struggle to become an artist so hard? 一句中，what 是句子主语，made 是谓语，her struggle to become an artist 是宾语 (其中的不定式 to become an artist 是修饰her struggle 的定语)，so hard 是宾语补足语。许多同学误选C是将 her struggle 看作宾语，而将 become an artist 看作是宾语补足语，照此分析，so hard 又是什么成分呢?第二空填 That，用以引导主语从句 (此 that 不可省略)，其后的谓语和宾语等被省略，若补充完整，即为 That she was a woman made her struggle to become an artist so hard.5. I found I could easily make myself ______ by using sign language.A. understood B. understandC. to understand D. being understood【赏析】答案选A，但容易误选B，即硬套“make + 名词或代词 + 动词原形”这一结构。但是对于该结构同学们忽略了一点，就是该结构中的名词或代词应与其后动词有逻辑上的主谓关系，而对于上面一题，myself 与动词 understand 显然不是主谓关系，而是动宾关系，或者说是被动关系，故此时的动词应用过去分词表被动。又如：(1) As a teacher, you should make yourself _____.A. respect B. respectingC. respected D. to respect(2) He spoke loudly so as to make his voice _____.A. hear B. hearingC. heard D. to hear(3) Do you know what made her so ______?A. frighten B. frighteningC. frightened D. to frighten答案均选C，即用过去分词表示被动意义(其中 frightened 为过去分词转化来的形容词)。6. Once your business becomes international, _____ constantly will be part of your life.A. you fly B. your flight C. flight D. flying【赏析】最佳答案为D。由于空格后出现了constantly这一副词，这就说明不能选B或C，因为B、C均为名词，不能受副词 constantly 的修饰。A和D均是可能的，因为其中有动词 fly。但若选A，you fly 是一个主谓结构，与其后的谓语 will be 相冲突，所以只能选D，即动名词flying在此用作主语。7. Not only should you get used ______ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention ______ your work well.A. to work, to do B. to working, to doingC. to work, to doing D. to working, to do【赏析】正确答案为B，因为 get used to与pay attention to 这两个结构中的to均为介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不能用动词原形。类似地，以下各结构中的 to 也是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时也应用动名词，而不是动词原形：look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事object to doing sth反对做某事stick to doing sth 坚持做某事get down to doing sth 开始做某事take to doing sth 喜欢上做某事admit to doing 承认做了某事pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事devote one’s time to doing sth 把某人的时间用于(奉献于)做某事be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能胜任做某事What do you say to doing sth 你认为做某事怎么样8. “Do you have anything more ______, sir?” “No. You can have a rest or do something else.”A. typing B. to be typed C. typed D. to type【赏析】此题容易误选D，根据 have sth to do 这一常用结构推出。其实，最佳答案是B。确实，在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中，用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义，如 I have some clothes to wash等，即尽管其中的 some clothes 与其后的不定式 to wash 具有被动关系，但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义。但值得指出的是，这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系，如 I have some clothes to wash 中的 to wash 就是由该句主语 I 来完成的。而上面一题的情形有所不同，即其中的 to type 这一动作不是由句子主语 you来完成的，而是由说话者“我”来完成的。比较：Are you going to Shanghai? Do you have anything to take to your son? 你要去上海吗?你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗?I’m going to Shanghai next week. I have a lot of things to take with me. 下个星期我要去上海，我随身要带很多东西去。