英语及物动词用法

2023-06-01 10:49:12 来源:万能知识网


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“及物”是什么意思?简单地说,“及物”就是带宾语的意思,所以“及物动词”也就是可以带宾语的动词,而“不及物动词”就是不能带宾语的动词。下面小编告诉你英语及物动词用法,大家一起来看看吧!英语及物动词用法:请看两个例子:My head aches. 我头疼。Everyone loves beauty. 人人爱美。第一句中的动词ache后面没宾语,所以它是不及物动词;第二句中的动词love后面接了宾语beauty,所以它是及物动词。英语中有相当一部分动词它们既可以是及物的,也可以是不及物的,视需要而定。如:The door opened. 门开了。Someone opened the door. 有人打开了门。第一句中的open不及物,因为它的后面没有宾语;第二句中的open是及物的,因为它的后面有宾语the door。既然不及物动词后不能接宾语,但是,如果我们在实际运用中必须要在不及物动词后面接一个宾语怎么办呢?比如listen的意思是“听”,它是及物的,后面不能接宾语,但如果要表示“听我说”,怎么办呢?此时我们就需要在不及物动词后面加一个介词,如将“听我说”译成英语可以是:Listen to me.问题又来了——你怎么就知道 listen 后面是接介词 to 而不是其他介词呢?这就有个习惯问题。在英语中,不同的动词后面接的介词是不一样的,并且它们的搭配通常是习惯性的,比如表示“听……”时,listen 后面接 to;表示“谈论……”时,talk后面接 about;表示“嘲笑……”,laugh后接at;表示“……方面成功”,succeed 后接 in;等等。大家在平时的学习中可要注意积累噢!值得一提的是,有时同一个动词可以接多个不同的介词,但它们的含义是不一样的。下面以look为例作一说明:1. look after 照顾……,照料……,关心……I can look after myself. 我能照顾自己。2. look at 看……,注视……He looked at me and smiled. 他望着我笑了。Look at him jump [jumping]. 请看他跳。3. look for 寻找……I’ve looked for it everywhere. 我到处找过它了。4. look into 调查……,研究……We’sll look into that right away. 我们会马上调查此事。5. look like 看起来像……He looks like an honest man. 看来他像个老实人。6. look through 翻阅……,浏览……Look through your notes before the examination. 考试前翻翻你的笔记。7. look to 注意……,负责……The country must look to its defences. 这个国家必须加强防务。通常以人作宾语的及物动词:以下及物动词通常以“人”作宾语;若用于被动语态,则其主语应是指“人”的:■angerHis speech angered the audience. 他的讲话激怒了观众。He was angered by the selfishness of the others. 他因为别人的自私而发怒。■briefThe company has briefed a top lawyer to defend it. 公司已将案件委托给最好的律师进行辩护。The Prime Minister was fully briefed before the meeting. 首相在会议前已掌握了详尽资料。■comfortWe comforted her as best we could. 我们尽量安慰她。The child ran to its mother to be comforted. 孩子跑到母亲身边以求得到安慰。■contactI’m anxious to contact your brother. 我急于和你兄弟取得联系。I’ve been trying to contact him, but l haven’t managed to. 我试图同他联系,但未能成功。You can always contact me on 0325642. 你可以经常用0325642这个电话号码与我联系。■frightenDon’t say this. You frighten me. 别说这个了。你把我吓了一跳。The bully’s threatening remarks frightened the child. 那恶棍威胁的话把小孩吓坏了。■interestThis has ceased to interest me. 这不再使我感兴趣。His joke didn’t interest me. 他的笑话并不使我感到兴趣。I saw something in the paper which might interest you. 我在报上看到一样可能使你感兴趣的东西。■shockHer refusal shocked us to the core. 她拒绝后我们大吃一惊。He shocked the whole company by resigning. 他辞职的消息全公司都感到震惊。■suitWould sometime next month suit you? 您看下个月什么时候合适吗?If it will suit you, I’ll change the date of our meeting. 如果对你合适,我将改变会议的日期。work用作及物动词的用法:1. 使(自己或某人 / 某事物)工作;开动(某物)She works herself too hard. 她把自己累坏了。Do you know how to work a lathe? 你会开车床吗?This machine is worked by electricity. 这台机器是电动的。Don"t work your employees to death. 别把你的雇员都累死。2. 管理或经营(某事物)(以获利)work a mine, an oil well 经营一个矿、一个油井He works the North Wales area, eg as a salesman. 他在北威尔士地区做生意(如当推销员)。3. 努力产生或获得(某事物);使奏效work harm, mischief, havoc 造成伤害、损害、毁坏work a cure, change, miracle 获得痊愈、产生变化、创造奇迹4.(用锤、揉、压等方法)制作某物或给某物定形work gold, iron, etc 打制金器、铁器等work clay, ie knead it with water 捏黏土work dough, ie when making bread 揉面团work the mixture into a paste 把这种混合物调成糊状iron worked into ingots 铸成锭的铁adhere用及物动词和不及物动词的理解:▲在现代英语中,adhere 只用作不及物动词,意思是“黏附,附着”;若语义上需要后接宾语,则要先接介词。如:The tiles may not adhere properly if you do not use the correct glue. 胶水用得不合适,瓷砖就可能粘不牢。Gum adhered to the sole of my shoe. 口香糖粘在住了我的鞋底。The face power adheres well to the skin. 这种扑面粉黏附力很强。Paste is used to make one surface adhere to another. 糨糊是用以使一个接触面粘住另一个接触面的。▲另外,adhere还用于习语 adhere to,表示“坚持; 信守”。如:Most countries have adhered to the convention. 大多数国家都遵守这个公约。The aim is to get each member country to adhere to a single set of rules. 目标就是使每个成员国都遵守一套单一的规则。College coaches have to adhere to the rules about recruiting high school students. 大学教练不得不遵守招收高中学生的规则。
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