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名词性从句分为四种情况:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。　　(1)陈述句作主语，即“that +陈述句”放在主语的位置构成主语从句。　　例句1:That many employers may prefer to use the services of children simply to save money by paying them less than adults is an unfortunate fact and it is this type of exploitation that should bedis couraged.　　翻译:很多雇主更倾向于雇用孩子，通过付给孩子比成年人更少的钱来节省开支。这是一个不幸的事实，而正是这种剥削，不应被鼓励。　　但是，用一个句子作主语会显得主语过长，为避免句子结构头重脚轻，通常会用it作形式主语，把真正的主语置于句尾。　　例句2 :It is an unfortunate fact that many employers may prefer to use the services of children simply to save money by paying them less than adults and it is this type of exploitation that should be discouraged.(《剑3》P164) 翻译:一个不幸的事实是:很多雇主可能宁愿使用孩子们提供的服务，通过付给他们比成年人更少的钱，从而节省开支。正是这种剥削才不应该被鼓励。 　　It is reported that…据报道……　　It is generally believed that…普遍认为……　　It should be noted that...需要注意的是……　　It is obvious that…很明显……　　It is crystaI-clear that…很明显……　　It is likely that…很可能……　　It is possible that…很可能……　　It is fortunate that…幸运的是……　　It is certainly true that..肯定是真的……　　It is common knowledge that…普遍认为……　　It is common lyshared convention that…普遍认为……　　It is widelyheld perception that…普遍认为..…　　It is a universally believed ideathat…普遍认为……　　Itisafactthat…事实是……　　(2)疑问句作主语，即由whether, who , what , whatever, how等引导的句子充当句子的主语。　　例句:How these factors interact is still unknown today and they remain largelyunpredictable in a person" s life.(《剑5》P169） 翻译:至今，这些因素如何相互作用仍不被人知并且对于一个人的一生，它们很大程度上仍不可测。　　解析:这种形式的主语从句在考官的文章中出现频率很高，各位要重视啊。是相对比较简单的一种从句，也分为两种情况。　　(1)“动词+( that )+陈述句”构成，即由陈述句作宾语　　例句:Some educationalists think it is more effective to educate boys and girls in single-sex schools because they believe this environment reduces distractions and encourages pupils to concentrate on their studies.(《剑8》 P173)。　　翻译:一些教育家认为在单性学校里，我们可以更加有效地教育男生和女生.因为他们认为这种环境减少了干扰并且鼓励小学生们集中精力在学习上。　　(2)“动词+when，where，why，how，whenever，whatever，however等+陈述句”构成，即由疑问句作宾语。　　例句1 : But hopefully times have changed, and both genders of students can have equal chances to study what they want to in whichever type of school they attend.(《剑8》 P173)。　　翻译:但是，让人充满希望的是，时代改变了，无论去上哪种类型的学校，两个性别的学生都有同等的机会学习他们想要学的东西。　　例句2 :Yet we are still unable to decide whether an individual" s personality and development are more influenced by genetic factors (nature) or by the environment(nurture).(《剑5》 P169) 翻译:但是，我们仍然不能决定的是一个人的性格及发展受基因(天生)影响更多还是受环境(教养)影响更多。　　(1)连接词由“that，what，who，when，which，why，whether，how，whatever”构成。　　例句1.However, some people believe that innate talent is what differentiates a person who has been trained to play a sport or an instrument from those who become good players.(《剑7》P163)。　　翻译:但是，一些人相信天生的才能可以把一个受过体育运动或乐器训练的人与那些成为出色运动员或者演奏者区分开。　　例句2.The reason why we have so much packaging is that we consume so much more on a daily basis than families did in the past.(《剑5》P173) 翻译:为什么我们有这么多包装的原因是我们每天比过去的家庭消耗更多了。　　(2)连接词主要由“because”构成。　　例句:This is partly because sitting in front of a screen for too long can bedamaging to boththeir eyes and the physical posture of a young child, regardless of whatthey are using the computer for.(《剑6》 P172）　　翻译:其部分原因是长时间坐在屏幕前面会对孩子们的眼睛和坐姿有危害，不管他们正用电脑干什么。　　4.同位语从句　　(1)引导同位语从句的词有:that和whether.　　例句1:The fact that many people are still living in poverty can not bedenied.　　翻译:很多人仍然生活贫困这一事实是无法否认的。　　例句2 : We are faced with the problem whether governments alone can dealwith the problem of environmental pollution.　　翻译:我们面临这样一个问题:是否政府单独可以解决环境污染的问题。　　(2)可以跟同位语从句的名词是抽象名词，主要有idea , fact , doubt ,suggestion，possibility，problem等。　　So from our own school experience, we can find plenty of evidence tosupport the view that a child can acquire these skills with continued teaching andguided practice.(《剑7》P163)　　翻译:所以从我们的学校经历来看，我们可以发现足够的证据支持这样一个观点:一个孩子可以通过继续教育和有指导的练习学得这些技能。