(资料图片仅供参考)

英语代词有哪些？　　①不定代词(Indefinite Pronoun ): neither, either, others, none, somebody, something, anybody, anything, nobody, nothing, everybody, everything　　②人称代同(Personal Pronoun):you, they, them, she, her　　③反身代同(Reflexive Pronoun):yourself, herself, ourselves　　④物主代同(Possessive Pronoun):your, yours, her, hers, theirs　　⑤相互代同(Reciprocal Pronoun):each other, one another, both　　⑥疑问代同:Who (ever), whom (ever), whose　　⑦关系代同:who, whom, as, which　　⑧指示代同:this, that, these, those　　英语中的人称代词及相关的物主代词、反身代词等并不复杂，一般中国学生掌握得也都比较好。值得引起大家注意的有以下三点:　　(1)代同和它的先行词要注意在性、数和人称上一致，即男/女性的先行词用男/女性的代词，单/复数的先行词用单/复数的代词，第一、二、三人称的先行词用第一、二、三人称的代词，如:　　(误)Look, she satthere watching. By no means easy were the emotions of him.　　(正)Look, she sat there watching. By no means easy were the emotions of her.　　(误)Those of us were beside themselves with excitement as the day of our holiday approached.　　(正)Those of us were beside ourselves with excitement as the day of our holiday approached.　　(误)When you love someone, you want to share your life with her, don"t you?　　(正)When you love someone, you want to share your life with him/her, don"t you?　　(2)代词的主格和宾格形式不同，要注意选用正确的形式，如:　　(误)Who"s prepared to work overtime besides he?　　(正)Who"s prepared to work overtime besides him/himself?　　(3)代词的词形一般来说是不容易混淆的，但有时试题会杜撰一个根木不存在的词形来迷惑考生。　　(误)Brinsley said that he prepared to give theirselves and me a pint of stout apiece.　　(正)Brinsley said that he prepared to give themselves and me a pint of stout apiece.　　(1)英语中有两个可用以泛指人的不定代词:one和you。它们都可用来表示“无论谁，人人”这样的意思，但要注意在同一句子中不能既用one，又用you，只能择一而用，一用到底，如:　　(误)One should be responsible for your words.　　(正)One should be responsible for one"s words.　　(正)One should be responsible for his words.　　(2) someone是个很普通的不定代词，它的解释是“某人”，而不是“某些人”，所以尽管它包括有some，但却是单数的代词，绝不可作复数用。　　(误)Someone in some cultures do not eat a balanced diet, but use limited food sources.　　(正)Some people in some cultures do not eat a balanced diet, but use limited food sources.　　(误)Someone point out that any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims ofeducation.　　(正)Some people point out that any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aimsof education.　　(正)Someone points out that any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims ofeducation (3) someone和anyone的区别也要注意，大多数语法书都解释说:someone用于肯定句，anyone用于否定句和疑问句，但这种说法不够全面，注意下面这两个例子:　　(误)Did anyone tell you about him?　　(正)Did someone tell you about him?　　anyone纯粹表示疑问;someone则含有肯定意义，即说话人认为或猜想有人告诉了“你”，用在提问中只不过是想证实一下而已。　　(误)Someone warm-hearted will be ready to help you.　　(正)Anyone warm-hearted will be ready to help you.　　anyone还有“任何人”的意思，木句中就是采用的这个词义。　　(4)注意不定代词everyone和every one +n.的区别。everyone是一个很普通的不定代词，解释“人人，大家”，但动词要求用单数。every和one分开写，后面再跟上一个单数可数名词，实际上是every加上那个名词的强调形式，强调“每一个”这个概念，因此和不定代同everyone实际上是没有共同之处的，因此:　　(误)Everyone man knows that even the most carefully devised systems are not proof againsterrors.　　(正)Everyone knows that even the most carefully devised systems are not proof againsterrors.　　(正)Every one man knows that even the most carefully devised systems are not proof against。　　(误)They were killed. everyone man of them.　　(正)They were killed, every one of them.　　(5) other和another的区别。这两个词都可以译成“另一个”。但要清楚，other用于两个人或物中的另一个时，它前面必须有定冠同the，如果没有则算错。　　(误)We have visited the two famous attractions in Beijing; one is the Forbidden City andother is the Great Wall.　　(正)We have visited the two famous attractions in Beijing; one is the Forbidden City andthe other is the Great Wall.　　another用于三个以上的人或物中的另一个，它前面永远不会有定冠同:　　(误)Bad luck goes through all his life. Recently he has failed in the another competition.　　(正)Bad luck goes through all his life. Recently he has failed in another competition.　　other用以指两个人或物时，只可能用单数，如I have two brothers. One is a soldier;the other is a teacher。但other也可用于指多数的人或物被分成两组或两类后其中的一组或一类。这时other前面仍必须有定冠词the, other用复数形式others。　　(误)I must consult the other about the matter.　　(正)I must consult the others about the matter.　　此时的the others相当the rest，或者说是the other+n.的省略。　　another只修饰可数单数名词，它后面永远不会跟名词的复数，且不修饰不可数名词。　　如果你注意到another这个词是由an十other构成的，那么这一点就不难理解了，因此:　　(误)We need another information before we can reach a decision.　　(正)We need another piece of information before we can reach a decision.　　(误)Apart from the fish market, there are another developments being planned for the area.　　(正)Apart from the fish market, there are other developments being planned for the area.　　 关系代词指的是which, that, who, whom, whose这几个连接定语从句和主句的代词。　　在使用中应该注意的地方有两点:　　(1)what可用于连接名词性从句，如宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句等，但它不能作关系代词，不能引导定语从句，定语从句前出现了what肯定有错，如:　　(误)Children should eat things what are good for them.　　(正)Children should eat things that are good for them.　　(误)They talked of persons and things what they remembered in the school.　　(正)They talked of persons and things that they remembered in the school.　　(2)关系代词前面常会出现介词或限定修饰语，这对考生辨认句子的结构会带来干扰。　　在英语学习中，遇到这种情况，首先弄清被定语从句修饰的先行词究竟是哪一个，关系代词用得对不对，然后再看介词用得对不对，因为介同是由先行词决定的;遇到关系代词前有限定性的同语，可以先不看限定性的词语，弄清先行词后，再看该限定性词语用于限定先行同是否合适，如:　　(误)Museums what every country and government spares no effort or money on illuminate the culture, history and arts of the world. (正)Museums which every country and government spares no effort or money on illumi history and arts of the world.